Day 2

Degree:  Masters in ELL
Class:  Culture
06/02/21

• Cultural anthropology investigates how cultures conceptualize, develop, and transmit knowledge, skills, and values.  It provided insight into the ways cultural beliefs and practices interact with thinking and learning.  
• Multicultural education needs to focus on social groups and their designs and how to survive a pluralist society.  
• Cognition is intrinsically cultural and learning is largely social
• 4 traits demonstrated by resilient individuals are social competence, problem-solving skills, autonomy, and a sense of purpose and future including having goals, educational aspirations, achievement motivation, persistence, optimism, and spiritual connectedness.  
• Education and prevention practices that do not pay attention to external assets do not improve learning and behavior in the long term.  
• Utilizing environmental change approaches provide context for relationships which meets a student's developmental need for love, belonging, respect, identity, power, mastery, challenge, and meaning.  
• "When teachers and administrators evaluate through the lens of the dominant culture, they often cannot recognize the abilities and potential of certain groups of children."  
• Deficit assumptions happen when a child is skilled in ways a school does not prioritize.  These kids, while highly intelligent, get labeled as "limited."  
• Somewhere along the line, "different" became equal to intellectual inferiority which is known as a deficit assumption.  
• Deficit assumptions have lead to the overrepresentation of racial and language minorities in low academic tracks and special education.  
• Scaffolding:  teachers identify what students already know and then build on that to create a bridge between that knowledge and new knowledge.  
• Zone of Proximinal Development:  specific ways that adults or peers socially mediate or interactionally create circumstances for learning.  
• Constructivist Theory:  students are active agents in their learning, and the teacher is a facilitator.